Ethics

Publication ethics, misconduct handling, and the standards every OAIFR title follows.

All journals published by OAIFR follow the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Core Practices and the ICMJE recommendations on authorship.

Authorship requires substantial contribution to the work, involvement in drafting or revising it, and approval of the final version. Contributors who do not meet all criteria should be acknowledged rather than listed as authors.

All submissions are screened for similarity before review. Allegations of plagiarism, data fabrication, image manipulation, duplicate submission or undisclosed conflicts are investigated using the relevant COPE flowchart, with the author’s institution notified where the case warrants it.

Corrections, expressions of concern and retractions are published openly, linked to the original article, and never removed from the record.